Landolt C Series ETDRS 4M

Landolt C charts are considered the gold standard of alternative eye charts since 1988. The chart was developed as an alternative to Snellen chart 

s, which were not equally difficult. Each chart features only one carefully calibrated 

 placed in different positions (up, down, left, right, and 45 degree positions). The C used in the chart creates an equality throughout testing, giving the patient optimal opportunity. Patients must gesture or say which direction the C is facing, making testing simple and accurate.